Research identifies ten key elements of universal school-wide behaviour support systems. These elements are interrelated and overlapping, and may have differing degrees of importance, depending on the needs, strengths and priorities of a particular school community.

1 Positive relationships: valuing each individual’s contribution to the school community, promoting a sense of belonging for all students and staff, and promoting positive relationships among home and school and community
2 Modification of the school environment: ensuring that the physical environment and school routines are organized proactively to support positive behaviour and reduce problem behaviour
3 Differentiated instruction: responding to student diversity and creating opportunities for all students to learn in a way that responds to their varying abilities, strengths, learning preferences, interests and needs
4 School-wide behavioural expectations: clearly articulating expectations and having all staff consistently reinforce expectations in all areas of the school throughout the school day
5 Social skills instruction that demonstrates and supports the school-wide behavioural expectations
6 Positive reinforcement of individual students and groups who consistently demonstrate positive behaviour
7 Fair and predictable consequences for negative behaviour that adversely affects others and the school community
8 Collaborative leadership: committing to building and maintaining a positive school culture, and providing the resources necessary for developing positive behaviour supports for all students
9 Data-driven decision making: clearly identifying the strengths and needs of the school community, identifying areas where improvement is needed and measuring behaviour change over time
10 Action plan for school change: developing, implementing and monitoring a school-wide approach to positive behaviour supports
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